The convento of Santo Domingo was founded in the city of Bogotá, in August 1550. Its canonical official name was Convento de Nuestra Señora del Rosario.  

This convent was “the maximum” or the most important convent of the Dominican communities of la Nueva Granada, today Colombia. Taking up half a block of the Plaza Real (current Plaza de Bolivar), this convent played a very important roll in the conquest process and evangelization of the Muiscas in the Colombian central highland. Here was born the first university of the country in 1580, called Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino. It was key also as financial center, due to the use of institutions like the censuses and churches handlings. The community of friars established there, had a great influence in the religious, political and social planes in the former Nuevo Reino de Granada of Granada.  

The convent building, considered in its time as the biggest and most beautiful public building that existed in the city, had two construction processes. The first one was begun toward 1570 and concluded at the beginning of the XVII century and the second was begun at the end of the XVIII century and finished at the beginning of the XIX century. The first convent, with their annexed temple, was of American Baroque type; the second resembled neoclassical forms. In that time it housed the main painters and sculptors works of art on the north of South America, as Diego Vásquez de Arce and Ceballos and Baltasar de Figueroa. The convent temple housed an image of La Virgen del Rosario, well-known locally as the “Virgin of the Conquerors" (Nuestra Señora de la Conquista) manufactured in Seville, Spain by the middle of the XVI century and that was adoration object by the population of the city and its surroundings, contributing to the diffusion in those lands of the pray of the rosary, traditional popular pray of Catholicism.
  
For diverse internal and external circumstances, the convent entered in crisis with the Independence War (1810-1830) and although it was able to recover, the convent community was suppressed by the liberal government of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera in November 1861. The building was condemned, being dedicated at the beginning for headquarters by the Republic Congress and then as offices of the Mail and Telegraph Ministry. Due to the new modern thinking, the convent was destroyed in 1938 by will of the National Government, presided by Eduardo Santos, in spite of the protests of the citizenship. In its substitution a mass of armed concrete was built named in its time Palace of Communications.   

The convent comunity was restored in November 1905, and between 1948 and 1953, the new convent was built - seminar to the northeast of the city, to which was given, the name of Convento de Santo Domingo, located in Carrera 1 # 68-50, aside was built a minor seminar, and then El Colegio Jordàn de Sajonia.